Thousands of students in England, Wales and Northern Ireland will receive their A-level results on Thursday after exams were cancelled amid the Covid-19 pandemic.
Last week, Scottish school pupils received their results - but the system used to calculate grades prompted widespread criticism after more than 125,000 entries were downgraded.
After this summer's exams were cancelled, teachers were told to submit the grades they thought each student would have received if they had sat the papers.
They are then moderated by the exam board, with concerns that England could follow Scotland in disproportionately marking down students from disadvantaged backgrounds, with the school's overall performance involved in the moderation.