Italian scholars found that “government institutions and national health care services largely proved ineffective in facing the crisis, while civil society experienced a serious breakdown due to the climate of generalised suspicion.
Potentially useful interventions, especially regarding social distancing, were negatively affected by mistakes in communication".
The measures used to control the outbreak “led to social division instead of greater unity and solidarity. (These) mistakes and failures in managing the Spanish flu had long-lasting negative economic consequences." Arnstein Aassve, Guido Alfani, Francesco Gandolfi, Marco Le Moglie conclude that “experiencing the Spanish flu and the associated condition of social disruption and.