Study: Oppositional Defiant Disorder, ADHD Tied to Unemployment, Income Disparities
August 25, 2024Adolescents exhibiting comorbid ADHD and ODD (oppositional defiant disorder) symptoms face higher unemployment rates, sick days, and lower incomes in adulthood than do their neurotypical peers, suggests new research from Finland.
1The longitudinal study, published in the Journal of Attention Disorders, identified 6,985 participants (aged 15 to 16) from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986.
2 The researchers sorted participants into groups based on symptom presentation — ADHD, ODD, comorbid ADHD and ODD, or the control group.
Researchers analyzed sick and unemployed days from 2006 to 2010 (when participants were 20 to 24 years old) and from 2011 to 2019 (when participants were 25 to 33).Between the ages of 25 and 33, males from all symptomatic groups experienced more unemployment and sick days than did their neurotypical peers, but those symptoms did not directly impact their income levels.
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