Development of the space shuttle began at the end of the Apollo program as NASA worked to design a winged spacecraft to land on a runway.
Even though the first shuttle launch wasn’t until 1981, lifting-body test vehicles were being designed and tested as early as 1963, according to the space agency, which laid the ground work for the space shuttle.
While the Apollo project made history landing the first --and last up until this point-- humans on the moon and establishing the U.S.
as a leader in space exploration, the space shuttle program successfully established a permanent astronaut presence in low-Earth orbit.