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Study: Low Vitamin D Levels During Pregnancy Increase Risk for ADHD Diagnosis in Children

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January 29, 2020Low vitamin D levels during pregnancy increase the risk of ADHD diagnosis in childhood, according to a study from The Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry.

This is the first study to investigate the impact of maternal vitamin D levels on formally diagnosed cases of ADHD in children.1Researchers identified many covariates associated with ADHD in offspring, including maternal age, self-reported smoking, socioeconomic status, immigrant status, and substance abuse.

Additionally, paternal and maternal ADHD diagnosis and psychopathology were associated with ADHD, as were offspring gestational age and weight for gestational age (WGA).

Even after controlling for all of these covariates, the results of this study demonstrate a significant relationship between lower maternal vitamin D and ADHD diagnosis in children.1The nationwide, population-based, case-control study surveyed 1,067 participants with ADHD and 1,067 control participants.

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ADHD-Obesity Link Weakens in Big Cities: New Research
May 27, 2025ADHD raises the risk of obesity, but its effect is dampened for people living in large cities, according to two new studies.Young adults with combined-type ADHD are more likely than their non-ADHD peers to carry excess weight around their midsection and to have an unhealthy waist-to-height ratio (known as the body mass index or BMI), according to a new cross-sectional study published in American Journal of Human Biology. 1Obesity-related health conditions, such as heart disease and Type 2 diabetes, are tied to excess abdominal fat.“The effect of ADHD on obesity intensified with age,” however, “no significant association was found with blood pressure, but trends suggested hypertension may escalate with age among ADHD individuals,” the study’s authors wrote.The biological link between ADHD and obesity, and the influence of environment on this relationship, was the focus of another new study led by researchers from the Tandon School of Engineering at New York University and the Italian National Institute of Health. 2The study, published in PLOS Complex Systems, proposed that ADHD influences obesity along two pathways:“A lot of people I work with complain about using food for stimulation,” said Nicole DeMasi Malcher, M.S., R.D., CDES, during the ADDitude webinar “Eating with ADHD: Improving Your Relationship with Food.” “They are constantly looking for food to deliver a quick fix rather than thinking about the long-term effects.”Malcher attributes this behavior, in part, to poor interoception, the ability to sense what’s happening inside the body, including cues such as thirst, hunger, and fullness.
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